“THE PROCESS FOR THE GUIDANCE OF SYNOPSIS & THESIS IN Ph.D.”

CYNOPSYS RESEARCH CONSULTANCY 

1. PROCESS TO PROVIDE THE ASSISTANCE: 

A. GENERAL PRACTICES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SYNOPSIS & THESIS: 

The consultancy provides research guidance/Assistance based on the University Curriculum and Research Scholars (PH.D. Scholars) need. The consultancy has the team who interface the discussion with the research scholars (PH.D. Scholars) about their research motives and evaluates their knowledge and skills from the perspective of Research. The team also judges their interpersonal skills which are needed during the data collection and their domain knowledge. Based on the above testing, the guidance to the scholars (PH.D. Scholars) would be offered so as to ensure the timeline and the commitment towards the progression of the research. The team guides the research scholars (PH.D. Scholars) step by step in their research at each stage (Synopsis and Thesis) and follows strictly the parameters and standards of the research by following the outlines laid by the University. The team also renders their service to guide the scholars to write the book, research papers, research articles, reviews, case studies etc. with the parameters defined. 

The guidance/Assistance will be provided to the PH.D. Scholars) keeping in view of the following aspects: 

 Ensuring the standards & parameters of the research 

 At least, 50% attendance of the scholars in whole 2 years 

 Imparting relevant research knowledge to the research

Website: www.ijabs.org, LinkedIn: ae.linkedin.com/in/DrAnandBajpai, Skype-id: jupiter7862, Mobile: +971 56 7058214 Email: chiefeditor@ijabs.org 

“THE PROCESS FOR THE GUIDANCE OF SYNOPSIS & THESIS IN Ph.D.” 

Note: 

i) Prepare the synopsis/research proposal – 12 to 16 pages

ii) Thesis/Dissertation takes the base of the synopsis/proposal & must be worked in detail for each element of the research with thorough understanding. 

1. Title of the research 

2. Introduction (Two pages write up based on the title for research) 

3. Search & Collect the literature review (At least 20% of the research thesis) 

4. Decide the general chapters (Chapter 1, 2, 3, 4, 5….) (For thesis dissertation) 

Some online research databases are as follows: 

a. Free Databases: 

Google Scholar(Multidisciplinary), Research Gate, Academia.edu, PubMed & PubMed Central (National Library of Medicine database of biomedical literature citations from MEDLINE, life sciences journals, and online books), Medline Plus (Medicine), Zotero, ERIC-Education Resources Information Center (U.S. Department of Education database of education-related literature, including journal articles, conferences, government documents, reports, books, and bibliographies), SCIRUS (Search the Web for journal content, institutional repository and website information), Index Copernicus (Scientific journal database called multidisciplinary science) PubPsych (For Psychology). SSRN (Social Science Research Network), Journalist’s Resource (http://jou rnalistsresource.org) etc. 

b. Paid Databases: 

EBSCO, MEDLINE (Database of biomedical journals), PsycINFO (For Psychology), SCOPUS (Scopus, a product of Elsevier Publishing Co., was commercially launched in November 2004 as "the world's largest abstract and indexing database," reputedly spanning the full spectrum of science-technology medicine (STM) literature plus more limited coverage of the social sciences, Multidisciplinary), Web of Science (Science), Web of Knowledge (Multidisciplinary), Science Direct (Database of science, technology and medicine journal articles and book chapters), JSTOR (Multidisciplinary (Historical)), INGRAM, Springer (Multidisciplinary) etc. 

i) Research Questions (Explore the Title of the Research & Develop the Research Question) 

ii) Research Aims & Objectives (What do you want to find out in your research, is the AIM and to achieve AIM; you need to formulate the steps, called as OBJECTIVES) 

iii) Research Hypothesis (For the thesis, it should be more into detail for the purpose of testing) 

(A hypothesis is always hypothetical in nature hence it is always the statement based on the assumption and assumptions are based on the variables and factors) 

A) Null H0: This hypothesis always negates the statements what is to be proven. The Null hypothesis could be formulated in one of the following ways: 

Examples of statements of the null hypothesis: 

a) There is no significant difference between one variable and other variable. 

b) The first variable is less effective than the second. 

c) The second variable is more likely as first. 

d) More importantly, the one variable is highly effective in the modern organizations. 

B) Alternate H1 or Ha: This hypothesis is always the statement what is to be proven. The Alternate hypothesis could be formulated in one of the following ways: 

Examples of statements of alternate hypothesis: 

a) There is a significant difference between one variable and other variable. 

b) The first variable differs than second. 

iv) Literature Review in 2+ pages (For the thesis, it should be at least 20% of the research thesis) 

 List down the previous study(s)/research(s) conducted by other researcher(s) relevant to your field, 

 Discuss their methodologies, design, variables, parameters, factors etc. present there in line with the aim, objectives & hypothesis of your research. 

 Write your own conclusion for each study in the literature review

Population Sampling Design (Sampling frame, Sample size, Sampling Method) 

I).Qualitative approach: The general rule in qualitative research is that you continue to sample until you are not getting any new information or are no longer gaining new insights. 

Data collection approaches for qualitative research usually involves: 

Direct interaction with individuals on a one to one basis Or direct interaction with individuals in a group setting. 

II). Qualitative data collection methods include: 

Interviews: Interviews can be used to explore the views, experiences, beliefs and motivations of individual participants. 

Structured (are, essentially, verbally administered questionnaires, in which a list of predetermined questions are asked, with little or no variation and with no scope for follow-up questions to responses that warrant further elaboration) - 

Individual Semi-structured (Semi-structured interviews consist of several key questions that help to define the areas to be explored, but also allows the interviewer or interviewee to diverge in order to pursue an idea or response) – 

Individuals or Focus groups 

Unstructured (unstructured interviews do not reflect any preconceived theories or ideas and are performed with little or no organization) - 

Individuals or Focus groups 

Focus groups: Focus group use group dynamics to generate qualitative data. Focus groups combine elements of both interviewing and participant observation. The focus group session is, indeed, an interview (Patton, 1990) not a discussion group, problem-solving session, or decision-making group. At the same time, focus groups capitalize on group dynamics. The hallmark of focus groups is the explicit use of the group interaction to generate data and insights that would be unlikely to emerge without the interaction found in a group. The technique inherently allows observation of group dynamics, discussion, and firsthand insights into the respondents’ behaviors, attitudes, language, etc. Focus groups are a gathering of 8 to 12 people who share some characteristics relevant to the evaluation. 

Interviews and focus groups are ideal for gathering qualitative data, such as rich, descriptive information. 

Observations: 

• Participant Observation 

• In-Depth Interviewing 

• Ethnographic Interviewing 

• Phenomenological Interviewing 

• Interviewing of Elites: An interview with an “elite” person is a specialized case of inter- viewing that focuses on a particular type of interviewee. Elite individuals are considered to be influential, prominent, and/or well-informed in an organization or community 

• An inscription 

• Life Histories and Narrative Inquiry 

• Interaction Analysis 

• Historical Analysis 

• Dilemma Analysis 

• Unobtrusive Measures 

• Situational Analysis 

• Content Analysis 

• Projective Techniques and Psychological Testing 

• Film, video, photography 

Qualitative Research methods 

i) Ethnomethodology/Ethnography 

ii) Narrative research 

iii) Phenomenography 

iv) Case Study research 

v) Grounded Theory 

In case of Quantitative Design of the research, 

Data Collection: 

Research Instrument (Questionnaire, Scaling, Measurement of the variables, Factors, Variables, Parameters, Procedures, Method), Online data gathering tool i.e. Survey Monkey 

Population 

Sampling Design (Sampling frame, Sample size, Sampling Method) 

Data Analysis Techniques: 

Tools for Analysis

i) MS - Excel statistical analysis: Charts, Graphs, Simulation Diagrams, Scatter Diagrams, etc. 

ii) Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 21.0), 

Scope and Limitation of the Research (Limitation stands for “what is the Boundary of the research” and “where does it fall”. Scope stands for “Who will use this research” “which sector does it apply”) 

The contribution of the present Research in the society 

Bibliography/Webliography/References

Website : www.ijabs.org, LinkedIn : ae.linkedin.com/in/DrAnandBajpai, Skype-id : jupiter7862, Mobile : +971 56 7058214 Email : chiefeditor@ijabs.org, bajpaianand24@gmail.com